The Third Book of Moses: Leviticus

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- Chapter 11 -

(Deuteronomy 14:1–21; Acts 10:9–16)

Yahweh spoke to Moses and to Aaron, saying,

“Speak to the people of Israel, saying, ’These are the living things which you may eat among all the animals that are on the earth.

You may eat any animal that has a split hoof and that also chews the cud.

However, some animals either chew the cud or have a split hoof, and you must not eat them, animals such as the camel, because it chews the cud but does not have a split hoof. So the camel is unclean for you.

Also the rock badger, because it chews the cud but does not have a split hoof, it is also unclean for you.

The rabbit, because it chews the cud, but does not have a split hoof, is unclean for you.

The pig, although it has a split hoof, does not chew the cud, is unclean for you.

You must not eat any of their meat, nor touch their carcasses. They are unclean for you.

The animals living in the water that you may eat are all those that have fins and scales, whether in the ocean or in the rivers.

But all living creatures that do not have fins and scales in the ocean or rivers, including all that move in the water and all the living creatures that are in the water- they must be detested by you.

Since they must be detested, you must not eat of their meat; also, their carcasses must be detested.

Whatever has no fins or scales in the water must be detested by you.

The birds you must detest and that you must not eat are these: the eagle, the vulture,

the kite, any kind of falcon,

every kind of raven,

the horned owl and the screech owl, the seagull, and any kind of hawk.

You must also detest the little owl and the great owl, the cormorant,

the white owl and the barn owl, the osprey,

the stork, any kind of heron, the hoopoe, and also the bat.

All winged insects that walk on four legs are detestable to you.

Yet you may eat any of the flying insects that also walk on four legs if they have jointed legs for hopping on the ground.

You may also eat any kind of locust, katydid, cricket, or grasshopper.

But all the flying insects that have four feet must be detested by you.

You will become unclean until evening by these animals if you touch a carcass of one of them.

Whoever picks up one of their carcasses must wash his clothes and remain unclean until evening.

Every animal which has a split hoof that is not completely divided or which does not chew the cud is unclean for you. Everyone who touches them will be unclean.

Whatever walks on its paws among all the animals that walk on all four legs, they are unclean for you. Whoever touches such a carcass will be unclean until the evening.

Whoever picks up such a carcass must wash his clothes and be unclean until the evening. These animals will be unclean for you.

Of the animals that creep on the ground, these are the animals that will be unclean for you: the weasel, the rat, every kind of large lizard,

the gecko, the monitor lizard, the lizard, the skink, and the chameleon.

Of all the animals that creep, these are the animals which will be unclean for you. Whoever touches them when they are dead will be unclean until evening.

If any of them dies and falls on anything, that thing will be unclean, whether it is made of wood, cloth, leather, or sackcloth. Whatever it is and whatever it is used for, it must be put into water; it will be unclean until evening. Then it will be clean.

For every clay pot into or onto which any unclean animal falls, whatever is in the pot will become unclean, and you must destroy that pot.

All food which is clean and permitted to be eaten, but on which water from an unclean pot has fallen, will then be unclean. Anything that may be drunk from every such a pot will become unclean.

Everything on which any part of the carcass of an unclean animal falls will then be unclean, whether it is an oven or cooking pots. It must be broken to pieces. It is unclean and must be unclean for you.

A spring or cistern where drinking water is collected will stay clean if such a creature falls into it. But if anyone touches the carcass of an unclean animal in the water, he will be unclean.

If any part of an unclean carcass falls upon any seeds for planting, those seeds will still be clean.

But if water is put on the seeds, and if any part of an unclean carcass falls on them, then they will be unclean for you.

If any animal that you may eat dies, then he who touches the carcass will be unclean until evening.

Whoever eats any of that carcass must wash his clothes and be unclean until evening. Anyone who picks up such a carcass will wash his clothes and be unclean until evening.

Every animal that creeps on the ground is to be detested; it must not be eaten.

Whatever crawls on its belly, and whatever walks on all four legs, or whatever has many feet-all the animals that creep on the ground, these you must not eat, for they are to be detested.

You must not make yourselves unclean with any living creatures that creep; you must not make yourselves unclean with them, that you should be made impure by them.

For I am Yahweh your God. You are to keep yourselves holy, therefore, and be holy, because I am holy. You must not defile yourselves with any kind of animal that moves about on the ground.

For I am Yahweh, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt, to be your God. You must therefore be holy, for I am holy.

This is the law regarding the animals, the birds, every living creature that moves in the waters, and of every creature that creeps on the ground,

for which a distinction is to be made between the unclean and the clean, and between the living things that may be eaten and the living things that may not be eaten.’”

(Deuteronomy 14:1–21; Acts 10:9–16)

The LORD spoke to Moses and to Aaron, saying to them,

“Speak to the children of Israel, saying, ‘These are the living things which you may eat among all the animals that are on the earth.

Whatever parts the hoof, and is cloven-footed, and chews the cud among the animals, that you may eat.

“‘Nevertheless these you shall not eat of those that chew the cud, or of those who part the hoof: the camel, because it chews the cud but doesn’t have a parted hoof, is unclean to you.

The hyrax,(a) because it chews the cud but doesn’t have a parted hoof, is unclean to you.

The hare, because it chews the cud but doesn’t have a parted hoof, is unclean to you.

The pig, because it has a split hoof, and is cloven-footed, but doesn’t chew the cud, is unclean to you.

You shall not eat their meat. You shall not touch their carcasses. They are unclean to you.

“‘You may eat of all these that are in the waters: whatever has fins and scales in the waters, in the seas, and in the rivers, that you may eat.

All that don’t have fins and scales in the seas and rivers, all that move in the waters, and all the living creatures that are in the waters, they are an abomination to you,

and you shall detest them. You shall not eat of their meat, and you shall detest their carcasses.

Whatever has no fins nor scales in the waters is an abomination to you.

“‘You shall detest these among the birds; they shall not be eaten because they are an abomination: the eagle, the vulture, the black vulture,

the red kite, any kind of black kite,

any kind of raven,

the horned owl, the screech owl, the gull, any kind of hawk,

the little owl, the cormorant, the great owl,

the white owl, the desert owl, the osprey,

the stork, any kind of heron, the hoopoe, and the bat.

“‘All flying insects that walk on all fours are an abomination to you.

Yet you may eat these: of all winged creeping things that go on all fours, which have long, jointed legs for hopping on the earth.

Even of these you may eat: any kind of locust, any kind of katydid, any kind of cricket, and any kind of grasshopper.

But all winged creeping things which have four feet are an abomination to you.

“‘By these you will become unclean: whoever touches their carcass shall be unclean until the evening.

Whoever carries any part of their carcass shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until the evening.

“‘Every animal which has a split hoof that isn’t completely divided, or doesn’t chew the cud, is unclean to you. Everyone who touches them shall be unclean.

Whatever goes on its paws, among all animals that go on all fours, they are unclean to you. Whoever touches their carcass shall be unclean until the evening.

He who carries their carcass shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until the evening. They are unclean to you.

“‘These are they which are unclean to you among the creeping things that creep on the earth: the weasel, the rat, any kind of great lizard,

the gecko, and the monitor lizard, the wall lizard, the skink, and the chameleon.

These are they which are unclean to you among all that creep. Whoever touches them when they are dead shall be unclean until the evening.

Anything they fall on when they are dead shall be unclean; whether it is any vessel of wood, or clothing, or skin, or sack, whatever vessel it is, with which any work is done, it must be put into water, and it shall be unclean until the evening. Then it will be clean.

Every earthen vessel into which any of them falls and all that is in it shall be unclean. You shall break it.

All food which may be eaten which is soaked in water shall be unclean. All drink that may be drunk in every such vessel shall be unclean.

Everything whereupon part of their carcass falls shall be unclean; whether oven, or range for pots, it shall be broken in pieces. They are unclean, and shall be unclean to you.

Nevertheless a spring or a cistern in which water is gathered shall be clean, but that which touches their carcass shall be unclean.

If part of their carcass falls on any sowing seed which is to be sown, it is clean.

But if water is put on the seed, and part of their carcass falls on it, it is unclean to you.

“‘If any animal of which you may eat dies, he who touches its carcass shall be unclean until the evening.

He who eats of its carcass shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until the evening. He also who carries its carcass shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until the evening.

“‘Every creeping thing that creeps on the earth is an abomination. It shall not be eaten.

Whatever goes on its belly, and whatever goes on all fours, or whatever has many feet, even all creeping things that creep on the earth, them you shall not eat; for they are an abomination.

You shall not make yourselves abominable with any creeping thing that creeps. You shall not make yourselves unclean with them, that you should be defiled by them.

For I am the LORD your God. Sanctify yourselves therefore, and be holy; for I am holy. You shall not defile yourselves with any kind of creeping thing that moves on the earth.

For I am the LORD who brought you up out of the land of Egypt, to be your God. You shall therefore be holy, for I am holy.

“‘This is the law of the animal, and of the bird, and of every living creature that moves in the waters, and of every creature that creeps on the earth,

to make a distinction between the unclean and the clean, and between the living thing that may be eaten and the living thing that may not be eaten.’”

Footnotes

(a)11:5 or rock badger, or cony